A Blended Vitamin Supplement Improves Spatial Cognitive and Short-Term Memory in Aged Mice.

Although many types of antioxidant supplements are available, the effect is greater if multiple types are taken simultaneously rather than one type. However, it is difficult to know which type and how much to take, as it is possible to take too many of some vitamins. As it is difficult for general consumers to make this choice, it is important to provide information based on scientific evidence. This study investigated the various effects of continuous administration of a blended supplement to aging mice. In 18-month-old C57BL/6 mice given a blended supplement ad libitum for 1 month, spatial cognition and short-term memory in the Morris water maze and Y-maze improved compared with the normal aged mice (spontaneous alternative ratio, normal aged mice, 49.5%, supplement-treated mice, 68.67%, p < 0.01). No significant differences in brain levels of secreted neurotrophic factors, such as nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, were observed between these two groups. In treadmill durability tests before and after administration, the rate of increase in running distance after administration was significantly higher than that of the untreated group (increase rate, normal aged mice, 91.17%, supplement-treated aged mice, 111.4%, p < 0.04). However, training had no reinforcing effect, and post-mortem serum tests showed a significant decrease in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and total cholesterol values. These results suggest continuous intake of a blended supplement may improve cognitive function and suppress age-related muscle decline.

A mixed antioxidant supplement improves cognitive function, and coordination in aged mice.

Accumulation of oxidative damage increases the risk of several disorders. To prevent these diseases, people consume supplements. However, there is little evidence of the impact of supplement intake on cognitive function. Recently, frailty and sarcopenia have become serious issues, and these phenomena include a risk of mild cognitive impairment. In this study, aged mice were fed the combination supplement and cognitive and motor functions were measured. Following 1 month of treatment with the supplement, significant improvements in cognitive function and neuromuscular coordination were observed. Following 2 weeks of treadmill training, treatment with the supplement dramatically increased running distance compared to that in untreated normal aged mice. Serum indices such as triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly decreased in the supplement-treated aged mice compared to untreated aged mice. These results indicate that the combination supplement may play a role in maintaining cognitive function, coordination ability and improving lipid metabolism.

Effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease model rats.

AIM: Cerium oxide, particularly in nanoparticle form (nanoceria), has been investigated for biomedical applications as a promising new agent for treating several pathologies. The aim of the present study was to characterize the pharmacologic effects of nanoceria in an animal model of chronic kidney disease. METHODS: We created the chronic kidney disease animal model by feeding rats a 0.25% adenine diet. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal diet, 0.25% adenine diet, or adenine diet containing three different doses or durations of nanoceria treatment. Blood was collected weekly from the tail veins of each rat and analyzed for renal function markers. After 5 weeks, various biochemical markers in serum, plasma, and urine were also analyzed. RESULTS: In the adenine-treated group, body weight was significantly decreased, and the kidneys lost much of their healthy reddish color and became lumpy and white in appearance. In addition, levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and plasma uremic toxins were significantly increased in adenine-treated rats compared with controls. Renal functional and structural damage in adenine diet model rats tended to be ameliorated by nanoceria ingestion. The high-dose cerium-treated group maintained reddish areas in the kidneys, and the increases in biomarker levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and inorganic phosphorus were markedly reduced, regardless of treatment duration. CONCLUSIONS: Ingestion of nanoceria may be effective for improving or preventing renal damage caused by adenine. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; ••: ••-••.

Evaluation of cerium oxide as a phosphate binder using 5/6 nephrectomy model rat.

BACKGROUND: The number of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients continues to increase worldwide. CKD patients need to take phosphate binders to manage serum phosphorus concentrations. Currently, several types of phosphate binder, including lanthanum carbonate, are used. However, they each have disadvantages. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated cerium oxide as a new phosphate binder in vitro and in vivo. First, cerium oxide was mixed with phosphoric acid at pH 2.5 or 7.0, and residual phosphoric acid was measured by absorption photometry using colorimetric reagent. Second, cerium oxide was fed to 5/6 nephrectomy model rats (5/6Nx), a well-known renal damage model. All rats were measured food intake, water intake, feces volume, and urine volume, and collected serum and urine were analyzed for biochemical markers. RESULTS: Cerium oxide can adsorb phosphate at acidic and neutral pH, while lanthanum carbonate, which is a one of popular phosphate binder, does not dissolve at neutral pH. Cerium oxide-treatment reduced serum phosphate concentrations of 5/6Nx rats without an increase in serum alanine transaminase levels that would indicate hepatotoxicity, and cerium oxide-treatment maintained serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, while those of normal 5/6Nx rats increased slightly. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that cerium oxide can be a potential phosphate binder. Decreased body weight gain and increased water intake and urine volume in 5/6Nx rats were thought to be an effect of nephrectomy because these changes did not occur in sham operation rats. Additional investigations are needed to evaluate the longer-term safety and possible accumulation of cerium oxide in the body.